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The term blacksmith has an interesting origin. The smith part of it comes from the oldEnglish word smite which means to hit. So a smith is someone whose workinvolves hitting and pounding to produce a finished product. Depending on the type of metal being used,the artisan was known as a goldsmith, a coppersmith and so on. Since ferrousmetal like iron and steel are black in color, the person who work on shapingthe metals was known as a blacksmith. The traditional metal for blacksmiths to work with waswrought iron. When iron ore is smelted to create a useable metal, some quantityof carbon is usually to the molten metal. The higher the carbon content, theharder, and so more brittle it is. High carbon contents of over 2% result inwhat is known as cast iron. This iron has a low melting point and can easily bepored into moulds and cast into various shapes. Iron with a carbon content ofless than 0.25% and which has iron silicate or slag added to it is wroughtiron. Wrought iron has a high melting point and the iron silicate give it adoughy or plastic like texture when it is subject to extreme heat. The characteristic of not melting butbecoming malleable when heated makes it the ideal metal of choice forblacksmiths to use. Wrought iron is both a process and the name of a metal. Theword wrought means to work a metal into a shape by hammering, pressing,twisting and bending. In other words, a product created by any or all of theseprocesses is said to be wrought. Unlike many other ferrous metals wrought ironis corrosion resistant and because of its rough finish, accepts painting or anyother form of coating well. However, in America wrought iron is no longer made and thelast plant making wrought iron closed shop in 1969.The reasons for this wereeconomic. Producing wrought iron is a labor intensive and expensive process andsteel, which can replace wrought iron in many respects, is both cheaper andeasier to produce. The only way a blacksmith can procure wrought iron today isto import it in the form of scrap metal from Europe. So the ideal metal for ablacksmith to work with is almost unavailable. The replacement is mild steel which, because of its lowcarbon content, similar to wrought iron, is also malleable and can be heatedand forged into shape. What this means is that when we refer to a blacksmithsproducts as being wrought iron, we are no longer talking of the material usedin the manufacturing process but of the process itself. Any ferrous metal can be wrought or heated and worked intoshape so irrespective of the material a blacksmith is using, in common parlanceit is still known as wrought iron. Most forged items that come from ablacksmith are now made of mild steel, which is not as easy as wrought iron towork with, but the advanced is forge and metal working technology and equipmenthave compensated for this this, so the quality and finish of the wrought ironproducts remain even though they are no longer made from iron.
Blacksmith,Working,Material,Th