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The first anvils were the large, heavy and hard stones thatcavemen used a work benches. A piece of bone of flint would be placed atop thisstone and a smaller stone held in the hand would be used to chip away at thebone or flint to create a shape, usually an arrow or spear head. In themillennia since then anvils have come a long way, but there basic functionremains the same. The modern anvil, as we know it, came into existence in theMiddle Ages when metal working was a major activity. The upper or working area of the anvil, where the heatedmetal is placed is called the face. The face is usually tempered and hardenedso that it does not loose its shape or surface integrity with use. The constantforce of the hammer blows is transferred through the metal being worked to theanvil and a soft face will become misshapen and useless. The hardened face ofthe anvil will also absorb very little of the impact of a hammer blow so thatthe effect of each blow on the metal being worked will be both greater and morecontrollable. The face also needs to be completely smooth and defect free.Marks or scratches on the face will create unwanted impressions on theunderside to the metal being worked on. An important aspect of maintaining theintegrity of the face is to never let the hammer strike it directly since thiswill cause damage. The anvil will normally have rounded edges since squared offends result in sharp edges that that many cut into the metal that be beingworked on. Some anvils have a step with a squared off edge at one end. This isused for cutting metal by hammering at a point directly over the step so theedge acts like a knife. Many blacksmiths do not use this design as they feelthat the hammer force being applied to the edge of the face can, over time, causeit to warp. Most blacksmiths anvils have a cone shaped projectionextending from one side. These are used for hammering the metal into curvedshapes and since the hammer blows are around the cone and not directly on it;these do not need to be made out of hardened tempered steel. The cones are alsoused for stretching the metal by pulling it over the curved surface to make itboth longer and thinner. Some anvils have two holes on the side of the face. Thesquare one is called the Hardy Hole and is designed to hold special forming andcutting tools which are used for bending and punching holes in the metal beingworked. The round hole is called the Pritchel hole which is used forpunching holes in the metal. The spot where the hole is to be created is placedirectly over the Pritchel hole and a punching tool or bit is then hammeredover the metal, punching a hole.
Blacksmith,Anvil,Information,T