The,Smelting,Process,Reduction business, insurance The Smelting Process: Reduction, Fluxes and Metals
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Oneof the forms of extracting metals is smelting. The purpose of the smeltingprocess is to produce a metal from its original ore. This includes many typesof base metals such as extracting iron from iron ore and copper from its ore.The process of smelting uses both heat and a chemical reduction agent. Thisprocess changes the oxidation state of the ore. Typicalreduction agents are made of some type of carbon, such as coke or charcoal. Thecarbon works to remove the oxygen from the ore and leaves behind the metal. Thereare two stages of oxidization of carbon, the first produces carbon monoxide andthe second produces carbon dioxide. Smelting ProcessEssentially,smelting may seem like it is just simply melting the ore to get to the metal. However,the process isa bit more complex than this. Ores are typically part ofa chemical compound that includes the metal along withseveral otherelements, including sulfide, oxides, and carbonates created by carbon andoxygen. In order for themetal to be released a chemical reaction mustoccur within these compounds. For this reason, the smeltingprocess mustinclude some type of reducing substance that will combine with the elements inorder to free themetal. Roasting ProcessForsulfides and carbonates, a roasting process is used to get rid of the unwantedsulfur or carbon. This willleave the oxide behind that can then directlybe reduced. Typically, this process is carried out in some form ofoxidizingenvironment. Examplesof roasting include Malachite, which is one of coppers common ores. It is madeof mostly coppercarbonate, which will undergo thermal decomposition atthe temperatures between 250 and 350 degrees Celsius.The carbon dioxidewill be expelled, which leaves behind the copper oxide. This can be reduced tocopper. ReductionThefinal high temperature step in the smelting process is reduction. This is wherethe final oxygen is taken from the raw metal and the elemental metal isreleased. The temperature required for this process will vary depending on whatthe melting point of the base metal is. FluxesInthe smelting process, fluxes are used to serve many purposes. The main purposeof fluxes is to catalyze thereactions and to be chemically binding tothe unwanted reaction products and impurities. One of the mostcommonlyused oxides for this process was calcium oxide, which is used in the form oflime. This is becausewould react with the sulfur dioxide and carbondioxide during the roasting process and keep it out of the workenvironment. Common MetalsThereare several types of metals that can be removed from their ore using the smeltingprocess. The mostcommonly known metal that the smelting process is usedfor is iron. However, smelting can also be used forremoving tin, lead,copper, bronze, and aluminum from their ores as well as several other types ofmetals suchas zinc. Tofind out more about smelting and general mining topics, please visitPublicMining.org, a free resourcedirectory showcasing public miningcompanies like Win-Eldrich Mines, Creso Exploration and thousands more.
The,Smelting,Process,Reduction