Manganese,production,technolog business, insurance Manganese production technology

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Manganese production methods have Pyrogenic process and wet method. Pyrogenicprocess including silicon thermal power with thermo reduction, wet smelting ismainly the electrolytic route.Pyrogenic process smelting, in the earlystages of manganese production, once used silicon, aluminum or carbon reductionpyrogenic process, continuing to the present there are still applying. Siliconthermal method used widely, need to use electricity as supplementary heatsource, its advantage is low production costs. Silicon thermal power can onlyobtain manganese metal that contains 95 ~ 98% of Mn. Thermite method can only obtainlow-grade manganese metal that contains 85 ~ 92% of Mn.Wet processsmelting, which is manganese metal produced by electrolytic route called electrolyticmanganese metal. It can be said that the current world produce manganesemetal are mainly used electrolytic route, and pyrometallurgical method reducedthe secondary. Electrolytic manganese metal is a costly method, the cost isalways higher than pyrogenic process. Mainly due to: manganese is a highelectronegative metal, the current efficiency is not high, modern productioncan only reach 60 to 68%; due to the high negative charge of manganese, it mustuse diaphragm electrolysis, cell voltage up to 5 volts; must be used MnSO4-(NH4) 2SO4-H2O system pure electrolytic solution, ammonia consumption is high,cleanup costs is high.However, thefollowing two important reasons which prompted this high-cost production ofelectrolytic manganese remains sustainable development: `Electrolytic manganese metal is the important raw materials used forpreparing stainless steel, tool steel, alloy steel and non-ferrous alloys;a the low grade manganese ore of manganese carbonate or pyrolusite canbe used as the raw materials of manganese production. The advantages of wetrefining manganese are: high purity (99.8% in grade), also used for makingspecial alloys.Siliconthermal power was widely used, metal powder supplier in the USA, Japan,the Soviet Union were more using this method.China in the condition of lacking high-quality manganese, using three-stepsmelting method, the first step used manganese ore smelting low phosphorus lowiron manganese-rich slag; the two step used manganese-rich slag smelting highmanganese silicon alloy; Third step used manganese-rich slag as raw materials,high manganese silicon alloy as a reducing agent and lime as a flux to refinemanganese metal. Advantages of this method in the smelting process, can removea large number of iron, carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and other impurities,thus allow using poor grade ore. Products are containing up to 93 ~ 96% of manganese.Because of electrolyticmanganese metal with high purity, low impurity and low carbon content, mainly usedin steel industry. The role of manganese in steel mainly in improving steel’s strength,hardness, elastic limit, wear and corrosion resistance, etc., mainly used forspecial steel and non-ferrous alloy elements, such as used for deoxidizer, aluminummanganese alloys and copper-manganese alloys in low carbon stainless steelsmelting. Alloys due to the different manganese content make it with variouscharacteristics, such as have high resistance and low temperature coefficientcopper-manganese-nickel alloy (Mn11 ~ 12%, Ni3 ~ 4%, others are the Cu) and withhigh thermal expansion coefficient manganese-copper-nickel alloy (Cu18%, Ni10%,others are the Mn) and so on. Manganese is also used in chemical machinery,welding materials, high purity manganese salts, pharmaceutical, food packagingand newly developed vibration damping alloys and permanent magnet alloyelements. In recent years, electrolytic manganese metal in Japan is mainlyfor the aluminum industry and stainless steel.Since jetmetallurgical technology is developing rapidly, resulting in the application ofpowdered electrolytic manganese metal increasingly widespread. Producing 1 to1.5% manganese aluminum-manganese alloy, in the 720 ~ 750molten aluminum, can be directly injected manganese powder, replacing aluminum-manganesepowder, replacing aluminum-manganese ball group, savings 60% cost. Produce specialalloys such as jet engines, nuclear power industries super alloy, are requiredto use manganese powder injection smelting. The former Soviet Union in the development of particle metallurgy crashing the metalpowder particles into less than 200¼m, it can be made metal parts which more densethan powder metallurgy.Source:http://www.mhcmp.com