Magnificent,Trumpeter,Swans,Ma education Magnificent Trumpeter Swans

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Majestic and regal, the snow-white Trumpeter Swan (Cygnusbuccinator) is a spectacular sight. Trumpeter Swans belong to the avianorder Anseriformes, family Anatida, along with ducks and geese.Flaunting a wingspan of over seven feet and a height of four feet, theTrumpeter Swan is the largest native waterfowl species not only inMontana but in all of North America. With an average body weight of25-30 pounds and large males weighing over 35 pounds, the TrumpeterSwan is the heaviest bird in North America and is considered one of theheaviest flying birds in the world.Prior to the white man's exploitation of the American West,trumpeters were abundant. Native Indian tribes feasted on both the eggsand meat and utilized the skin and feathers for dance costumes andregalia. Tribal stories tell us that when these giant birds took flightit was as if “the lake lifted to the heavens in a swirling white cloud”.The Lewis and Clark Expedition saw few swans in their journey acrossMontana and did not attempt to name those they did encounter. Writingfrom near the present-day location of Townsend, Lewis in his journalentry on July, 21, 1805, described what were surely Trumpeters; “we sawthree swans this morning, which like the geese have not yet recoveredthe feathers of the wing and could not fly . . . we killed two of them.. .they had no young ones with them therefore presume they do not breedin this country. . .these are the first we have seen on the river for agreat distance”.Aptly named for its distinctive resonant and sonorous trumpetingcall, this magnificent species almost became extinct in the 19thCentury when thousands of the birds were killed and their skins andfeathers shipped to England to satisfy the British Empire’s passion forfashion. The commercial swan skin trade reduced the species to nearextinction. Fortunately for both us and the Trumpeter Swan,conservation efforts that began in the 20th century are paying off andthe numbers and distribution of this noble bird are slowly expanding.Trumpeter Swans can now be found in Lewis and Clark, Beaverhead,Gallatin and Madison counties of Montana, with the largest populationof birds occurring in the Centennial Valley and around the Red RockLakes area. A small number of reintroduced swans are also flourishingin the Paradise Valley, the Blackfoot Valley and on the Flathead IndianReservation. First released in the Paradise Valley in 1989, trumpetersare frequently seen along the river.Over the winter, Montana’s Trumpeter Swans are joined by swans thatmigrate southward from Canada. Trumpeter Swan eggs are laid in May andhatch in June. Both the males, which are called “cobs” and the femalesthat are referred to as “pens, care for the eggs and the hatchlings, or“cygnets”. Trumpeter Swans are monogamous and normally form bonds whenthey are two to three years old and first nest when they are four tofive years old. Pairs remain together year-round and honor their bondfor life.Trumpeter Swan cygnets are fast growers and develop rapidly. Theyare fully feathered in nine to ten weeks, but do not fly until fourteento seventeen weeks. Swan cygnets remain under their parents protectivecare throughout their first winter. Cygnets separate from their parentsin the spring but remain close to their siblings into the third year.Trumpeter Swan family bonds are strong and sub-adult siblings mayrejoin their parents after the parents' nesting season or duringsubsequent winters.The majority of Montana’s Trumpeter Swan population will ride outthe winter here, however; others will migrate a short distance andwinter in southeastern Idaho or western Wyoming. Perhaps the trumpetersare seeking a change of scenery or diet as it is unlikely to be muchwarmer in these close-by locales.Trumpeters have unique broad flat bills with fine toothed notchesalong the edges. Their bill allows them to strain the water for aquaticplants and insects as they feed. The bird’s elegant long neck andsturdy feet allow them to uproot plants in water several feet deep.Trumpeter swans can be found in wetland areas among aquatic andemerging vegetation. In Montana trumpeters commonly build their nestsin bulrushes, cattails and reeds along the water bank. Other than man,trumpeters have few natural predators. Coyotes, wolves and cougars havebeen known to steal new hatchlings.Trumpeter Swans have lived up to 35 years in captivity, however;their lifespan in the wild is normally limited to 12 to 15 years.Swan watching in Montana is a delightful experience, however;observers are cautioned not to disturb the swans or flush them awayfrom much needed feeding grounds and resting sites. If a Trumpeter Swanstarts to vocalize or “head-bob”, it is best to carefully withdrawbefore the swans are forced to fly. It is also very important tocontrol dogs at swan sites. If trumpeters lose their sense of securityand the tranquility is destroyed at a particular site, they may notreturn even if food supplies are limited elsewhere.