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Have you ever seen a 100 pound wet rat? The first time I spotted alarge male beaver on Cedar Creek, (Mineral County, Montana) that’sexactly what I thought it was. I looked again, perhaps the ganglycreature waddling down the bank was a bear cub. My next thought was,where is Mama Bear?Meeting the beaver was a unique and rather unsettling experience.Movies and cartoons have often portrayed beavers as industrious, cheekyand tenacious. Beavers are all of that, however; in the wild they arealso just plain ugly.Beaver (Castor canadensis), semi-aquatic mammals, are the largestrodents in North America, north of Panama and they are the secondlargest rodent in the entire world (after the capybara). They areclosely related to rats, squirrels and marmots. Beavers have an averagelifespan of 12-15 years, however; beavers over 20 years old are notuncommon. Mature beavers normally weigh from 40 to 60 pounds, howevermany will reach a weight of close to 100 lbs.In the water they are amazingly swift and graceful, slapping thewater surface in frivolous play. Diving and cavorting, beavers usemuscled, webbed rear feet to swiftly propel their torpedo-shaped bodiesthrough the water. Their broad, dorsally flattened tail providesextreme mobility and maneuverability. Out of water the beaver is aclumsy, rather slow hump-backed creature.A typical beaver family unit consists of a pair of adults, theyearlings and kits. Beavers will have 4-6 kits after a 105-107 daygestation period. Beavers breed from January through March. At abouttwo years old, young beavers will either leave of their own accord orare driven from the parental home colony to seek new winter quarters.Beavers once lived in most forested areas of the North AmericanContinent. If one could find a stream, lake or river, one could mostalways find a beaver colony. Excessive fur trapping in the late 1800’sand early 1900’s nearly eradicated the beaver in Montana. Today, mostcolonies are found in remote regions where their activities do notinteract with man.“Nature’s engineers”, beavers have the ability to build dams and tomodify the landscape to increase its suitability for their habitation.Beavers often build huge conical lodges at the edge of a lake or pondor will sometimes burrow into the bank of larger rivers. Beaverdam-building activities are integral components of the ecosystem asthey play an important part in natural water flow and erosion control.Beaver ponds also provide recreational opportunities such as huntingand fishing.In Montana, beaver problems can occur wherever there are trees,water and man. Most conflicts with beaver occur in areas where beavercause problems by flooding pasture land, roadways or restrict waterflow of streams. Sometimes beaver are really an annoying pest when theygirdle ornamental or landscape trees or undermine property with theirburrowing.Since I viewed my first beaver on Cedar Creek, the US Forest Servicehas trapped the Cedar Creek Colony for relocation and demolished thedam. Unfortunately, their dam construction was causing floodingupstream and washing out the roadbed.Intelligent creatures, beavers construct stick and mud dams in orderto build their lodges in the resulting ponds. The lodge providesprotection from marauding bears, wolves, coyotes and cougars. Workingprimarily at night, these nocturnal creatures are hardworking, prolificbuilders, carrying stones and mud with their powerful fore-paws andtwigs and branches between their teeth. The beaver’s chisel sharp androck strong incisors grow continuously. These guys are reallyindustrious! The largest beaver dam on record was discovered near ThreeForks, Montana. Visible by satellite, it is 2,140 feet long, 14 feethigh and 23 feet thick at the base. Amazing!Beaver ponds play a significant role in the formation of Montana’splant and animal habitat. Beaver dams create ponds that help stabilizewater tables and help reduce rapid rain runoff. Beaver dams reduce soilerosion and improve soil quality, with runoff deposits settling intoquiet pools near their dams. Beaver habitat is rich in plant, aquaticand animal life, making beaver ponds an excellent locale for observingnature.Hindered by very poor eyesight, beavers compensate by having highlydeveloped senses of smell and touch as well as exceptional hearing.When startled or frightened, beavers will use their flat and scalybroad tails to loudly slap the water as a signal of danger. In responseto the alarm, which can be heard over a considerable distance bothabove and below the water, the beaver colony will “dive for cover” andmay not re-emerge until some invisible sense gives them an “all clear”.The Salish Indian Tribe that lives in Northwest Montana has a triballegend that says beavers are fallen Indians, doomed to the lowly stateof a beaver by the Great Spirit.Strict herbivores, beavers will feast on a wide variety ofherbaceous and woody plants. They enjoy wild berries in season andespecially crave the water lilies found in many alpine ponds and lakes.Cottonwood, willow, aspen and alder are important foods, much of whichis stored in caches for winter consumption. Beaver will also gnaw andharvest birch and maple trees.A staple of Native Americans and early settlers, beaver meat isfine-grained, deep red, moist and tender. When properly prepared,beaver meat is similar in flavor to roast pork. The high fat content ofthe succulent tail meat is especially savored.Prized by hunters and trappers for its sleek, warm pelage, thebeaver’s value as a fur animal lead to the early exploration of theNorth America Continent. Rich chocolate brown in color with black toreddish guard hairs, beaver pelts are soft, extremely dense and haveexcellent insulating qualities. At one time considered the mostvaluable of furs, beaver was also trapped for its castor glands whichproduce castoreum, a highly sought product used in making perfume. InMontana the beaver is an official furbearer and is managed andprotected by regulated fur harvests.