All,About,Acne,What,and,how,co health All About Acne - What is it and how to cope with it?

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Acne, a nightmare for any young generation nowadays. Fromsmooth and beautiful facial skin turns into dirty spots that tarnish the beautythat suppose to be owned by any individual.  So what actually is acne? Acne is derived from greek word“acme” or “a prime of life”. It is actually a lesion in the sebaceous gland(a.k.a. sebum gland or oily gland) of hair follicle. The common sites of acneare face, earlobe, back, chest, and anogenital area. However the facial acne isparticularly a nuisance for an individual as it is the most visible one.   Even though sebaceous gland is responsible for acne, italso holds certain functions. It functions to secrete sebum which composed fromtriglyceride, fatty acid, wax esters, and sterols. This sebum is responsible tolubricate the skin, prevent crack of the skin and to cool down skin during hotweather.  How does sebaceous glandcausing acne? The changes happen during acne started with increase in sebumsecretions. Then the keratin lining of sebaceous duct will get thickened andforms comedones or black spots (or white spots). The change of colour ofcomedone is due to melanin. As the sebum secretions increase in amount, abacteria known as Propionibacterium acnesproliferates inside the sebum. After that, inflammation will occur aroundthe sebaceous gland and produce acne. Basically, the main culprit that iscausing acne is increase in sebum secretion.  So what causing theincrease in sebum secretions? There are few causes of increase sebum secretionsincludes hormonal factor, fluid retention, dietary habit, season changes,exogenous factor, and medications. Hormonal factor plays animportant role in sebum secretions as increase in androgen (male hormone) willcause increase in sebaceous glands size which in turn increase the amount ofits secretions. This explains why the male adolescent is more common to getacne compared to adolescent girls. Fluid retentionparticularly during premenstrual period leads to increase hydration andswelling of sebaceous duct. This explains why there is exacerbation of acneduring the premenstrual period. Apart from that sweating also makes acne worsedue to same mechanism. Dietary habits of eatingchocolate, nuts, fizzy drinks or coffee worsen acne problems. However the exactmechanism on how these foods causing acne has yet to be determined.  Acne often improves withnatural sunlight and it is worse during winter. The Ultraviolet light said toimproves acne however the efficacy of the UV light treatment is unpredictable.Exogenous exposure to oils (particularly common in cooks in hot kitchen) hasknown to worsen acne. Exogenous exposure to coal tar, dicophane (DDT), and polychlorinatedbiphenols also has known to worsen acne.  Some medications alsocan worsen acne. These medications include corticosteroids (both systemic andtopical), androgen and combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP). Consult withthe doctor who prescribed the medication if acne problems arise from usage ofthese medications. So what should we do ifwe have acne? Relax, acne is usually resolved spontaneously and it is not infectious.There are few methods to hasten the resolution of acne which includesconservative method, topical cream, and medications.The conservative methodis done by applying hot wet soft cloth on the face (simple alternative tofacial sauna), followed by gentle rubbing in a plain soap, or diluted Savlonsolution (an antiseptic solution). This will cause dissolution of comedonehowever they (particularly savlon solution) may cause considerable skin scalingand dryness. NEVER PINCH THE ACNE!! Pinching the acne will expose the acne tosecondary infection and it is responsible for ugly scar on the skin.  Topical cream for acneis widely available nowadays. It is up to the consumer to choose which one isthe most suitable. The best topical cream for acne should contain Benzoylperoxide in concentrations of 1–10%, salicylic acid and vitamin A solution. Sotry to find out the best solution for your acne problem. Note: Benzoyl Peroxidemay irritates the skin depends on type of skin.  If both conservativemethod and topical cream are unsuccessful, consult your doctor for antibiotic.Commonly prescribed antibiotic for acne is tetracycline. However the treatmentneeds time, sometimes need months to take effect. Other alternative fortetracycline are erythromycin and co-trimoxazole.  Newly availabletreatments are UV light therapy, antiandrogen, and synthetic retinoids. Howeverthe efficacy of these treatments has yet to be determined.  By Mohd Fariz Amri©Acne