Angina,Pectoris,Chest,Pain,Com health Angina Pectoris | Chest Pain

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Common CharacteristicsAlthough episodes of chest pain may be very frightening, itshould be emphasized that angina is only one of many possible causes.Indigestion, anxiety, muscle disorders, infection or structuralabnormalities are just a few of the many causes of chest pain. This iswhy a number of tests may be required before it is determined that thechest pains are, indeed, angina. Even then, there are different typesof angina, and distinguished the specific type involved may be a factorin prescribing the most effective treatment.Classic Angina PectorisThe most common form of angina is associated with coronaryartery disease. As we grow older, our blood vessels tend to "harden" orlose some of their elasticity, a process known as arteriosclerosis.They also may become narrowed or clogged with deposits of fattymaterial. These are gradual processes that may go on for years, evendecades, without causing any problems or symptoms. But if the narrowingprogresses to the stage where 75 percent or more of the artery isblocked, the result may be angina or a feeling of breathlessness.Typically, classic angina is brought on by exertion or other activitiesthat cause the heart to work harder; for example, the increased bloodflow required to digest a large meal. Cold weather, emotional upsets oranxiety are other common factors that may provoke angina. Variant Angina PectorisVariant angina is not necessarily related to exercise or otherstresses. It may come on while asleep or sitting quietly or performingexercise that is usually well tolerated. This type of chest pain, whichis sometimes referred to as Prinzmetal's angina, has puzzled doctorsfor many years. Recent studies, however, indicate that it is oftencaused by a spasm or constriction in the coronary artery, which cutsoff the blood flow and results in pain like that of classic angina.Unstable Angina PectorisSome patients experience both classic effort-induced angina andvariant angina, with attacks coming on during periods of exertion aswell as during restful times. Others experience an acceleration ofsymptoms, with attacks occurring more ad more frequently after less andless exertion. These syndromes are generally referred to as unstableangina, which usually requires more intensive treatment because it isassociated with a higher risk of heart attacks than classic, stableangina. It should be noted, however, that heart attacks often occur inpeople who have never experienced any chest pain, and, conversely,there are many people who live with angina for many years withouthaving a heart attack. Treatments of Angina PectorisIn most instances, the angina will subside with rest. If an attackoccurs, stop whatever you are doing and rest until it passes. Anginacaused by coronary spasm may not respond as well to rest as classicangina. Aside from rest, there are three major approaches to treatingangina: life-style changes, drugs and surgery.Life-Style ChangesIf you smoke, you should make every effort to stop. Smokingstimulates the heart to work harder; it also causes other changes thatmany researchers think may be instrumental in triggering chest pain andheart attacks. People who are overweight are usually advised togradually lose weight by eating less and exercising more. However, aperson with heart disease should not embark on a weight reduction orexercise program without close medical guidance. Avoiding stressfulsituations or learning relaxation techniques are still other life-stylemodifications that may be recommended. Drugs to Treat Angina PectorisThe two major classes of drugs used to treat angina are nitrates andbeta blockers. Nitrates come in several forms: as nitroglycerin orother tablets that may be slipped under the tongue to bring reliefduring an attack, as an ointment to be absorbed through the skin toprevent or relieve an attack, as long-acting tablets or capsules to betaken orally to prevent an attack. Recently, still another form--a discto be applied to the skin to provide a steady release of the drug overa period of several hours--has become available.Beta-blocking drugs help prevent angina attacks by slowing therate at which the heart beats, thereby reducing the heart's workloadand lowering the amount of oxygen it needs. These drugs should be takenexactly as instructed, and should not be stopped abruptly.A new class of anti-anginal drugs known as calcium-blockingagents appears to be particularly effective in controlling the type ofangina associated with coronary spasm. All muscles require varyingamounts of calcium in order to constrict; by reducing the amount ofcalcium that enters the muscle cells in the coronary vessel walls, thespasms that choke off the heart's blood supply may be prevented. Surgical TreatmentIn some patients, coronary bypass surgery may be recommended. Thisoperation entails taking a portion of a vein, usually from the leg, andgrafting it to the coronary artery to bypass the clogged area. Manyfactors are considered in deciding whether or not to operate, includingthe extent of coronary disease, degree of disability from the angina,and the age and general physical condition of the patient.Summing UpAngina is a common manifestation of a progressive narrowing ofthe coronary blood vessels. It also may be caused by a temporary spasmof these vessels. Most angina patients can be effectively treatedthrough a combination of life-style changes and drugs. No one treatmentworks for all patients; each person must be evaluated by his or herdoctor, who can then prescribe the most effective treatment. Article Tags: Angina Pectoris, Chest Pain, Classic Angina, Coronary Artery, Variant Angina, Heart Attacks