Asthma,Status,Asthmaticus,Ques health Asthma - Status Asthmaticus

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Question: What causes asthma attacks?Asthma attacks are caused by a narrowing of the small bronchialtubes in the lungs. The most common kind of asthma (allergic bronchialasthma) is caused by an allergic reaction. Many pollens, molds, dusts(especially dust containing the house mite), and animal hair and dandercan cause allergic-type asthma attacks.Asthmatic symptoms are sometimes associated with hay fever.Infection in the respiratory system, exposure to cold, exercise,fatigue, irritating fumes, and certain emotional and psychologicalstates can all trigger an asthma attack. These conditions may alsoserve as secondary factors that increase the severity or frequency ofattacks. Asthma from these causes may occur in people who have nohistory of allergic reactions, as well as in those who do.Question: How does asthma interfere with breathing?Air passes through the lungs via tubes (called bronchi) andsmaller vessels (bronchioles). With asthma, the smaller bronchi andbronchioles become swollen and clogged with mucus, and the musclessurrounding the bronchioles contract so that the air that should passthrough is unable to do so. The body reacts to the lack of oxygen, andthe patient forces more and more air into the lungs. But, because ofthe blockages, there is difficulty in exhaling it. The wheezing noiseis caused by air being forcibly exhaled through the narrowed bronchi.Question: How long does an asthma attack last?An attack of asthma may last for a few minutes, but most go onfor several hours. A severe, prolonged attack (a form of asthma knownas status asthmaticus) may last for a number of hours or even days. Aperson with status asthmaticus requires hospitalization.Question: What immediate help can be given to a person suffering from asthma?With more severe attacks it is important that the patient situp-right, either in a chair or in bed, propped up by pillows. A tablein front of the patient is useful; this can be grasped and the armmuscles used to assist breathing. A patient is rarely hungry, butshould be encouraged to drink large amounts of liquids. Bronchialdilator inhalants from aerosol cans may be helpful in relaxing themuscles of the bronchioles. These are available by prescription andmust be used according to a physician's direction. Severe episodes ofasthma require immediate medical attention.Question: How does a physician treat asthma between attacks?The goal is to prevent an attack by keeping the bronchi andbronchioles from becoming narrowed. Theophylline, or such adrenergicdrugs as epinephrine and isoproterenol, can relieve bronchospasms and,thus, help to prevent bronchial obstruction. (These drugs can also beused during an asthma attack.) Corticosteroids may be useful forshort-term relief in severe cases. A new type of inhalant drug,cromolyn sodium (disodium cromoglycate or DSCG), has also provensuccessful in preventing asthmatic attacks in some persons. The properdrug or combination of drugs will depend upon the prescribing physicianas well as the course of the disorder.Question: What is the treatment for severe asthma (status asthmaticus)?An attack of status asthmaticus requires hospitalization andurgent treatment. Some drug treatments are best administered as a mistthrough a breathing apparatus. Strong bronchodilators can relieve theattack by relaxing the spasms in the bronchioles. In this situation thepatient may be attached to a mechanical respirator to aid breathing.Question: Apart from taking the appropriate drugs, what other precautions can be taken to prevent an asthma attack?Several simple measures can reduce the risk of attack. Theappropriate medication should be taken prior to events known to triggeran episode-before exercise, for example. A person with allergic asthmashould sleep in a room without carpets or rugs. Blankets and pillows ofsynthetic fiber reduce the risk of house dust and mites. In dryclimates, a humidifier can be used to increase the moisture content ofthe air in the room.For patients in whom asthma is caused by respiratory infection,breathing exercises may be of value. A respiratory therapist can teachthe patient the most appropriate ones. These exercises are not only apsychological help in preventing an attack, but when a minorrespiratory infection does occur, the lungs should function moreefficiently. An asthmatic patient should seek medical advice promptlywhen suffering from a respiratory infection.Question: Are there any complications involved with chronic asthma?Because so much air is held in the lungs during an asthmaattack, the air sacs (alveoli) can become so stretched that the cellwalls may tear. This damage causes a gradual loss of elasticity in thelungs and can lead to the condition known as emphysema. If the patientcoughs too much, the surface of a lung may burst, causing the air toescape into the cavity that encloses the lung (pleural cavity). Thiscondition is known as a pneumothorax.Other complications can arise from the mucous secretions that donot drain properly during an asthma attack. This can lead to bronchitisand sometimes bronchial pneumonia. Frequent attacks may result inchronic bronchitis.Question: What other disorders might be confused with asthma?A disorder mistakenly known as cardiac asthma has symptomssimilar to asthma (gasping for breath, a "tight" chest), but isactually a type of heart disease. Immediate medical attention isrequired.Question: Can asthma be cured completely?Asthma cannot be cured. The possibility of future attacks can,however, be minimized by drugs and other preventives, but if a personis disposed to asthma, there is always a chance that an attack willoccur.Question: Is asthma common in children?Asthma is fairly common in childhood, usually first occurringbetween the ages of three and eight. Most attacks are an allergicreaction to airborne pollen, certain foods, animal hair, and some othersubstances. The majority of children with asthma are from families witha history of the illness. Before puberty, asthma occurs more oftenamong boys than girls; after puberty, the incidence is fairly equalbetween the sexes. Medical treatment includes teaching a child and hisor her parents how to detect symptoms of an attack and how to useprescribed medications. Emotional stress can often trigger an asthmaattack; children with emotional problems may thus require some form ofpsychological support. Article Tags: Asthma Status, Status Asthmaticus, Asthma Attack, Respiratory Infection