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Question: What are the main types of anesthetics?A general anesthetic, causing loss of consciousness as well asloss of sensation, is given in most surgical operations. Another group,called local anesthetics, causes loss of sensation only in the area tobe treated. Dentists often use a local anesthetic during the filling orextraction of a tooth. A third group is the topical anesthetics, whichremove sensation from a surface area such as an eye or the nose. Theymake possible medical examinations without pain to the patient.Questions: On what basis are different general anesthetics given?It is the task of an anesthesiologist to decide which generalanesthetic is best for the patient. The anesthesiologist reviews thepatient's medical history and may order tests to help select theanesthetic.Question: Are the injections a patient receives when awake part of the anesthetic?To make the patient relaxed and drowsy, and to dry the mouth andlungs, a sedative injection is given one hour before the operation.Later, immediately before the general anesthetic, an injection of ashort-period sleeping drug is given in a vein. This takes effectextremely quickly.Question: How is a general anesthetic given?When the patient is asleep after the intravenous injection, asmall dose of a drug that relaxes the muscles is generally given. Thedrugs that continue the general anesthesia are injected or given asgases either through a face mask or a tube inserted through the mouthor nose into the windpipe. The tube is attached to an anesthesiamachine, which ensures maximum control over the quantity andcomposition of the mixture of anesthetic and oxygen.Question: What precautions are taken before the anesthetic is administered and after consciousness has been regained?The patient is not allowed anything to eat or drink for at leastfour hours before the operation. This reduces the changes of vomitingand inhaling fluid into the lungs when the anesthetic is being given.After the operation, the anesthesiologist should remain with the patient until consciousness is regained.Question: How do local anesthetics differ from general anesthetics?A local anesthetic is injected either into the tissuessurrounding the area to be treated or next to the nerves serving thearea. Adrenaline is sometimes added to the injection to increase thetime for which the anesthetic is effective and to reduce bleeding.Question: What are the various types of local anesthetic?There are four types of local anesthetic. (1) The most commonform of local anesthetic is the type used for a dental injection, inwhich the loss of sensation affects only a limited area. (2) A localanesthetic that affects a whole section of the body, such as an arm ora leg, produces what is called regional anesthesia. The injection isgiven close to where the nerves leave the spinal cord. (3) When aninjection is given around the spinal cord (epidural anesthesia) or intothe cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord (spinal anesthesia), thebody is anesthetized below the site of injection. Epidural anesthesiais sometimes used during childbirth. (4) Drugs may be injected toproduce partial anesthesia combined with amnesia. The patient thenbecomes peaceful and relaxed. Article Tags: General Anesthetic, Local Anesthetic, Spinal Cord
Information,about,Anesthetics,