The,function,structure,and,app health The function structure and application of astaxanthin
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Most crustaceans, such as:shrimp, lobster, crab and so on showing red is because astaxanthin accumulation,in some fish, such as salmon, the flesh-colored is also results in astaxanthinaccumulation. In actual production, astaxanthin is often used as feed additivesfor fish and other aquaculture animals, in order to make up for the lack of astaxanthinin human dietary, while improving the quality of aquaculture products.Astaxanthin is a safe additive, add up to 80 mg / kg. Absorption andaccumulation of fish and crustaceans in astaxanthin is much more effective thanother carotenoids such as canthaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin.Astaxanthin is a carotenoid, produced byplants and microalgae in nature, animals can not synthesize carotenoids, onlythrough the food chain from plants or algae. In recent years, the developmentof astaxanthinmanufacturer from the haematococcus pluvialis producing astaxanthin isvery soon, because haematococcus pluvialis grow fast, with high massconcentration of astaxanthin, the other way to get natural astaxanthin is: redyeast production; extracted from crustaceans such as the Antarctic krillprocessing by-products. The majority of currently astaxanthin is chemicalsynthetic products.The molecular structure of astaxanthin is similarto ²2 carotene, but the chemical properties and biological activity is quitedifferent, in vitro experiments showed that the antioxidant activity ofastaxanthin is much stronger than the ²2 carotene, the beneficial place of astaxanthinfor aquaculture has been known for many years, but the researches about itspotential antioxidant properties on human health has only just begun.Astaxanthin in its distal end cyclicstructure having a hydroxyl group respectively, this free hydroxy group can beformed with a fatty acid ester. If a hydroxyl group and a fatty acid forming ester,called astaxanthin monoester; if two hydroxy groups and a fatty acid forming ester,it is called astaxanthin diester. Astaxanthin can according to stereoisomers,geometric isomers, the degree of esterification and whether esterification ornot divided into many kinds. The stereoisomers of astaxanthin in haematococcuspluvialis is 3S, 3'S, the monoester is account for about 80%, the diester is about15%, the main fatty acid has oleic acid, elaidic, ricinoleic acid and arachidicacid.Natural astaxanthin exists in 3 S, 3'S or 3R, 3'R form, and tend to form complexes with proteins to produce differentcolors, such as: lobster blue, green and yellow; also soluble in fat, such as thered in snow plant is resulting in its cytoplasmic liposomes accumulatedastaxanthin; or forming esters with fatty acids. Astaxanthin in the cellsrarely exist in free state,because of free astaxanthin is instability. Most of the geometrical isomers ofsynthetic astaxanthin and natural astaxanthin all in E structure, butstereoisomers is different from the mentioned earlier, the ratio between thesynthetic astaxanthin stereoisomers is fixed, and racemic accounted for 50%,natural astaxanthin is mainly as 3 S, 3'S esterification structure, astaxanthinmonoester accounting for more than 90% in haematococcus pluvialis, diesteraccounts for about 8%, free astaxanthin is about 1%. Comparison of syntheticastaxanthin and natural astaxanthin in the effect of rearing rainbow trout: resultis quite different, rainbow trout were fed with feed containing the same amountof synthetic astaxanthin and natural astaxanthin, with natural astaxanthin fedrainbow trout accumulated more astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid, crystalis brown red. Compared with ²2-carotene and vitamin E, astaxanthin has a morebiologically active hormone, can be widely used in feed, food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics materialand other industries.Source:http://www.cosprm.com
The,function,structure,and,app