Fluoride,Removal,Fluorides,are homerepair how to Fluoride Removal
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Fluorides are found in the waste discharges from process streams ina number of industries. Significant amounts of fluoride come from thefollowing: glass manufacturers, electroplating operations, steel andaluminum, pesticides and fertilizer, groundwater and the semiconductorindustry. The original fluoride effluent levels can vary over a largerange, and restrictions on final effluent level depend on place ofdisposal. When there is any risk of fluoride seeping back to watersupplies, a limitation of about one ppm fluoride is normal. Apart fromtreatment of industrial waste streams, the other main application of fluoride removal is the treatment of municipal water supplies to reduce the fluoride content to 1 ppm or less.Fluoride added to city water supplies is a particularly Americandilemma. Most of the modern industrial world has already tried andrejected fluoridation. Fluoridation of drinking water was originallyproposed as a solution to the toxic waste dilemma of the aluminummanufacturing industry. Rationale for adding it to tap water has beena claimed but never really proven protection against dental caries.Fluoride is a fairly common element that does not occur in theelemental state in nature because of its high reactivity. It accountsfor about 0.3 g/kg of the earths crust and exists in the form offluorides in a number of minerals, of which fluorspar, cryolite, andfluorapatite are the most common. The oxidation state of the fluorideion is -1.Most people are aware that there is a controversy surrounding publicfluoridation of drinking water. To explain a bit about fluorideremoval, there are some really good and a few not-too-bad ways to goabout it. The best technologies are reverse osmosis and distillation.Both remove fluoride handily. Activated alumina cartridges have someadvantages and some problems. Their effective lifespan is fairly short,they are relatively expensive, and people dont like the word aluminain the name because it sounds too much like aluminum. We can find noevidence (and weve looked hard) that activated alumina adds anythingobjectionable to the water it treats.Filters with activated alumina are popular. They are most often usedin conjunction with other filters, usually carbon, since activatedalumina alone does little for water except remove fluoride and arsenic.It does not improve the taste or remove chemical contaminants likepesticides. By using an activated alumina cartridge combined with acarbon cartridge, you get a good, broad-range water filter.Municipal water treatment plants commonly add fluoride to the waterfor various reasons, one of them common belief in prevention of toothdecay. Water fluoridation is controversial, and Fluoride is consideredto be a poison in all but one European country. Concentrations above 5mg/l are detrimental to tooth structure. High concentrations arecontained in waste water from the manufacture of glass, steel andaluminum as well as from foundry operations. Organic fluorine ispresent in vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Inorganic fluorine, under thename of sodium fluoride, is a waste product of aluminum industry.Because of the controversy in laws, we recommend that you do not drinkfluoridated water.
Fluoride,Removal,Fluorides,are