Quick,Introduction,Fiber,Optic technology A Quick Introduction to Fiber Optics

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While intimidating in the abstract, fiberoptic cables are in fact common facets of many modern data networks.Fiber optic cables, connectors, and patch panels are tools, and theycan be employed as such, provided you know a few of the basic factsabout fiber optic technology and the way in which it works. Fiber optic cables are made from an incredibly pure glass known as silica.Because of its lack of impurities, silica can be used to transmit lightfrom one location to another without altering the wavelength. A fiberoptic cable uses this light to transmit data quickly and with little tono loss or interference. Anatomy of a fiber optic cable Properlyunderstanding fiber optics means properly understanding the anatomy ofa fiber optic cable. Much of the jargon surrounding fiber optics helpsto describe how fiber optic cables are constructed and what purposethey are designed to serve. In addition to severalstrands of silica, fiber optic cables also include a cladding layer andat least one of several types of shielding. The cladding layer isplaced directly around the silica strands, its purpose being to holdthese strands in place and prevent them from being scored or jostled.When placed together with their cladding layer, a fiber optic cable’ssilica fibers are then referred to as the cable’s core. Aplastic polymer covers the cladding layer, helping to prevent furtherdamage and circumvent a bothersome type of interference known ascrosstalk. On top of this polymer cover is placed a plastic shell,often constructed from a firm but lightweight substance such as Twaronor Kevlar. These shells are thicker on cables intended for outdoor use,and thinner on cables intended for indoor use. Oncesurrounded by these protective layers, the silica cores of a fiberoptic cable can serve as waveguides, safely moving light waves up anddown their length. An important distinction that you’ll want to keep inmind is the difference between singlemode and multimodefiber optic cables. Multimode fiber optic cables support multiplepropagation paths along which information can travel, whereassinglemode fiber optic cables only support one such path. Because oftheir ability to transmit larger amounts of data at the same time,multimode fiber optic cables are often used for such purposes assetting up networks on business or academic campuses. However,multimode fiber optic cables begin to lose their reliability whencabled over long distances and singlemode fiber optic cables are oftenused when cabling over distances greater than 1,050-meters. Another important distinction to keep in mind is that between simplex and duplexfiber optic cables. Simplex fiber optic cables can transmit data inonly one direction, whereas duplex fiber optic cables can transmit datain two directions at once. Once you’ve got a hold on the basic terms pertaining to fiber optic cables, it’s time to take a look at fiber optic connectors. Fiber Optic Connectors Thereare many different types of fiber optic connectors currently on themarket, and in this introduction we’re only going to go over some ofthe most common types. However, if you have a specialized optical fiberproject in mind, there are many different resources for finding out thedetails about the different sorts of fiber optic connectors you can buy. Probably the two most common types of fiber optic connector are ST-type connectors and SC-type connectors. MostST fiber optic connectors feature a 2.5mm ceramic ferule, though STconnectors with metallic or plastic ferules are available as well. STconnectors are spring-loaded to make sure that they seat properly. Themost common application for ST fiber optic connectors is in large-scalemultimode networks, such as those found on campuses or within officebuildings. ST connectors are probably the most widely used connectortype for this purpose. SC fiber optic connectors havea 2.5mm ferule as well, though their design is a bit different fromthat of ST-type connectors. SC connectors feature a snap-in desgn thatcan be easily connected and disconnected from other network facets.Though they used to be more expensive than ST connectors, SC connectorshave dropped in price over the past few years and are now used moreoften because of their easy utility and reliable performance. Another fiber optic connector you should at least be aware of is the MTRJ(Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack) connector. This connector type isdesigned to emulate the shape of an RJ-45 connector, which you’ll findon the end of almost any Cat5, Cat5e, or Cat6 network cable. If youplan on interfacing between your fiber optic network and a traditionalEthernet network, you might want to look for fiber optic cables withMTRJ connectors, as these cables will be able to serve as theconnecting point between your electronic and fiber data systems(provided you have the proper adapters).